The ninth month of the Islamic calendar is Ramadan, a
time for Muslims to focus on purifying their soul through prayer and
self-sacrifice. During Ramadan, more than a billion Muslims around the world
observe one of the Five Pillars (duties) of Islam: Fasting.
Each day of Ramadan, from sunrise to sunset, Muslims aged
twelve and older traditionally practice fasting. The Arabic word for fasting
literally means to "refrain," which is what is religiously proscribed
- not just abstaining from eating and drinking, but also restraining every part
of one's physical body.
The mouth, for example, is restrained from idle talk and
gossip, while the ears are restrained from listening to obscenities. In this
way, a Muslim engages his or her entire body in the physical observance of the
Ramadan fast.
According to Islamic tradition, the month of Ramadan is
when Allah revealed the first verses of the Qur'an, the holy book, to the
prophet Muhammad. In honor of this revelation, one thirtieth of the Qur'an is
read each night of Ramadan during the evening prayer. By the end of the month,
the whole Qur'an has been recited.
During Ramadan, Muslims rise before sunrise to partake in
a pre-fast meal, called suhoor. Each night after sunset, they break their fast
with the iftar meal. The end of the month of Ramadan is marked with the joyous
festival of Eid al-Fitr, which literally means the "Festival of Breaking
the Fast." During Eid al-Fitr, families celebrate with elaborate feasts
and dress in their finest clothes. At the same time, they increase their
efforts to give charity to the poor and make contributions to their mosques.
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